Reflection

I have learnt alot through this process of researching about volcanoes.It has taught me good research skills along with sharpening my time management skills.Most importantly i have found out alot of general knowledge about volcanoes which may help me in the future.overall i have enjoyed doing the reasearch and having to work with blogs to post my work,i have found it easier to blog than to write down all my work.

Reflection by maggy

I had problems on deciding on the topic i wanted to research on. I started with what causes earthquakes, then i came to how to care for your nails then i finally settled and decided to research on Balanced Diet. It was fun researching on this topic and i found out that i knew most of the information. I learnt more and since we are learning this topic in science lession, i got more information which can be useful. I am yet to finish my post but i had fun...

Balanced diet

The food we eat is very important. We all eat if we are hungry or even sad. But, the kind of foods we eat are important. The way we eat, starting from the ammount or types affects us physically and health wise. To be healthy, we need to eat a balanced diet and exersise. What is a balanced diet?

What is a balanced diet?

It is a diet with the ammount and variety of food needed for good health. It helps us to avoid diseases or risks like:

• obesity
• heart disease
• diabetes
• cancer

This balanced diet much include:

• carbohydrate
• protein
• fat
• vitamins
• mineral salts
• fibre

Even though we have all these, we must also have them in the right ammount. We should not have too much proteins or little fibre. If eaten in the right ammount, it actually does help or benefit us.

What is Carbohydrates?

Cabohyrates are the source of energy. Most cabohydrates are in form of starch. Starch is found in foods such as:

• cereal
• yams
• bread
• rice
• potatoes
• spaghetti and others.

Then after having starch, our digestive system turns it to another cabohydrate called Glucose. Glucose is caried around the body with the blood and it is used by our tissues as a source of energy. Any glucose is absorbed without any need for digestion and that is why we see id one is from running and has no energy is given glucose because it will provide energy rightaway.

What is protein?

Proteins are required for growth and repair. Our muscles, your organs, and your immune system are made up mostly of protein.They are very large molucles so they cannot get directly into our blood like carbohydrates. The digestive system turns the into amino-acids. There 20 different types of amino acides in our bodies. Our cells get their amino-acids from the blood. Protein helps in our groth and to repair any damaged part like a cut. They can also provied energy but not much. proten is found in foods such as:

• beef
• poultry
• fish
• eggs
• dairy products
• nuts
• seeds

What are fats?

Fats also provide energy and they are storebenith our skin to keep us warm.

http://www.purchon.com/biology/diet.htm - April 23rd 2010

Social Networks

A social network service focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among people, e.g., who share interests and/or activities.here are some advantages of social networking;

1.Personal Touch
Social networks allow organizations to reach out to select groups or individuals and to target them personally. Businesses can encourage their customers to become connections or friends, offering special discounts that would be exclusive to online contacts. This personal touch is not only appreciated but may give the business access to that customer’s own network of contacts.

2. Low-Cost Marketing
Once social networks have become established and people become familiar with the brand, businesses can use the sites or applications to implement marketing campaigns, announce special offers, make important announcements and direct interested people to the specific Web sites. It is mostly free advertising, and the only cost to the business is the time and effort required to maintain the network and the official Web site.

3.Lower Costs

It is significantly cheaper to employ online social networking strategies than to pay for advertising. When you social network, you can prescreen potential customers. You learn what your prospects like and what they don't. That personal relationship you gain when you connect with your potential customer is more valuable than what you would get had you advertised. Advertising is impersonal: the "one size fits all" concept does not seem to work anymore.

4.Credibility and Trust
Connecting with prospects on a personal level builds trust and credibility. A general rule of thumb is to offer your services, expertise or help before you ask for it. It is acceptable to promote your services when asked. If you're not careful, your attempts could be considered spam. Instead, wait for the opportunities to present themselves instead of forcing a situation.

Disadvantages/problems with social networks

Most teens sign up for many social networks and may end up expiriencing some of this:

1. Cyber-bullying and harassment are most often perpetrated by other teens and tend to happen most to older girls and to teens of either gender who have a strong online presence. It may take several forms:
   publicizing private instant messages, text messages or e-mails
   posting threatening messages
   posting photos that will cause embarrassment
   spreading rumors


2. invasion of privacy


3. potential to lure child predators and other criminals


4. wasting time (often why schools/governments block access)


5. Scams and Harassment
   There is a potential for failure of security in both personal and business context. While many sites apply certain measures to keep any of these cases of harassment, cyber-stalking, online scams, and identity theft to an absolute minimum, you still may never know.

sources:http://thetechedition.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-social-networking-sites/

http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/

Volcanoes

A volcano is an opening in the crust of the Earth through which molten rock and gases from the interior of the Earth reach the surface. The definition of volcano can include the mountain like structures that may be created from the material ejected at the volcano. Volcanoes can be created by the melting of rock at divergent and convergent plate margins, and from decompression melting at hot spots in the mantle, such as the one under the Hawaiian Islands

What Causes Volcanoes?

To understand what causes volcanoes, you need to understand how the earth is made up. The earth has three main layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. The crust is made up of solid rock and varies in thickness. It is more than 60km thick under mountain chains like the Alps and Himalayas, but just 5km under the oceans. The mantle is a thick layer of molten rock (called magma), and the core is made up of an outer liquid layer and a solid centre. Temperatures inside the earth are very high – over 5000’C in the core. This means that the planet on which we live is like a huge fiery ball of hot molten rock, surrounded by a few kilometers of relatively cool, hard rock – the crust. Because heat rises, the magma in the earth’s mantle has to find a way to rise upwards though the crust above it, rather like the way that hot air rises.

How do volcanoes errupt?

The erruption of volcanoes is a long process and may be difficult to explain.

First a volcano makes something called magma from melted rock. The magma goes through a circulation. It has to form at the bottom of the volcano and then start its way up the main vent. The main vent is a hole that is in the volcano and when the volcano is ready to erupt the lava is at the top of the main vent. The magma goes up the main vent slowly while it is still getting hotter. When the magma is about half way up the main vent it turns into lava. Lava is a very hot liquid which burns the remaining rocks from the magma. The lava slowly continues up the main vent. While going up the lava continues to get hotter and hotter. Ash and rocks are collected and the lava is getting hotter and hotter while the lava is continuing its way up the main vent. When the lava is at the top of the main vent the volcano erupts. The lava blasts out of the volcano along with ash, rocks, and a cloud of dust that is very thick. The ash and rock crumble to the ground, but the lava is either moving down the volcano side very slowly or at a high speed. The lava burns down almost everything in its way, and it sometimes leaves bits of things burning. The lava from the volcano can cool fast, or sometimes the lava will slowly cool down from its intense heat. Lava that cools slowly forms igneous rocks. There are many types of igneous rocks. Volcanoes can damage themselves in the explosion. A volcano literally blows its top off. Volcanoes can be under water or on land. Volcanoes that are under water take a longer time than if they are on land because they are under water the water slows down the magma and lava but if the volcano is on land the lava and magma can move quicker up the main vent. It just depends on the environment how fast the volcano can make the magma the magma makes lava and the volcano makes an explosion. If the volcano is under water the cooled lava will probably make an

island. The Hawaiian Islands is an example of island made by a chain of volcanoes.

If simpler,these diagrams will explain more on how a volcano occurs;

Active and non-active volcanoes:There are volcanoes in different phases of activity:Active volcanoes, which are likely to erupt at any moment, dormant volcanoes, which lie dormant for centuries, but then erupt suddenly and violently, and extinct volcanoes - ones no longer likely to erupt.


The ordinary volcanoes can be divided in different types, relating to their forms:

1. The shield volcano:
This is a broad, shallow volcanic cone, which arises because the running lava, which is fluid and hot, cools slowly.
2. The dome volcano:
This one has a steep, convex slope from thick, fast-cooling lava
3. The ash-cinder volcano:
Throws out - besides lava - much ash into the air. Through this the volcanic cone is built up from alternate layers of ash and cinder.
4.The composite volcano:
These are also built up from alternate layers of lava and ash but, besides its main crater, it has many little craters on its slope.
5. The caldera volcano:
An older volcano with a large crater which can be 62 miles(100km) wide. In this crater many little new craters are formed.


Extinct volcanoes

Extinct volcanoes are those that scientists consider unlikely to erupt again, because the volcano no longer has a lava supply. Examples of extinct volcanoes are many volcanoes on the Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. (extinct because the Hawaii hotspot is centered near the Big Island). Otherwise, whether a volcano is truly extinct is often difficult to determine.

Dormant volcanoes

It is difficult to distinguish an extinct volcano from a dormant one. Volcanoes are often considered to be extinct if there are no written records of its activity. Nevertheless volcanoes may remain dormant for a long period of time, and it is not uncommon for a so-called "extinct" volcano to erupt again.

Effects of volcanoes

There are many different types of volcanic eruptions and associated activity: phreatic eruptions (steam-generated eruptions), explosive eruption of high-silica lava (e.g., rhyolite), effusive eruption of low-silica lava (e.g., basalt), pyroclastic flows, lahars (debris flow) and carbon dioxide emission. All of these activities can pose a hazard to humans. Earthquakes, hot springs, fumaroles, mud pots and geysers often accompany volcanic activity.

Gas emissions from volcanoes are a natural contributor to acid rain. Volcanic activity releases about 130 to 230 teragrams (145 million to 255 million short tons) of carbon dioxide each year.Volcanic eruptions may inject aerosols into the Earth's atmosphere. Large injections may cause visual effects such as unusually colorful sunsets and affect global climate mainly by cooling it. Volcanic eruptions also provide the benefit of adding nutrients to soil through the weathering process of volcanic rocks. These fertile soils assist the growth of plants and various crops. Volcanic eruptions can also create new islands, as the magma cools and solidifies upon contact with the water.

Famous volcanoes

Name :Crater lake

Location:Oregon

Facts:Last erupted 6,600 years ago with 43,000x the force of an atomic bomb.

Name:Mt. Rainier

Location:Washington

Facts:prehistoric lava flowed for 70 miles.

Name:Mt. Etna

Location:Sicily

Facts:Constantly active; still creates craters regularly

Bibliography

http://www.volcanoes.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanos

http://cgz.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cgz/accounts/staff/rchambers/GeoBytes%20GCSE%20Blog%20Resources/Images/Plate%20Tectonics/Plate%20Tectonics/VolcanoStructure.jpg

http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/images/nathaz/volcanoxsec.gif

http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/

http://www.fema.gov/kids/volcano.htm

http://www.learner.org/interactives/volcanoes/

http://midju.tripod.com/2.htm

http://www.universetoday.com/guide-to-space/earth/famous-volcanoes/